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San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea, 12 June 1994
DETERMINATION OF ENEMY CHARACTER OF VESSELS AND AIRCRAFT
SECTION I :DETERMINATION OF ENEMY CHARACTER OF VESSELS AND AIRCRAFT
112. The fact that a merchant vessel is flying the flag of an enemy State or that a civil aircraft bears the marks of an enemy State is conclusive evidence of its enemy character.
113. The fact that a merchant vessel is flying the flag of a neutral State or a civil aircraft bears the marks of a neutral State is
prima facie
evidence of its neutral character.
114. If the commander of a warship suspects that a merchant vessel flying a neutral flag in fact has enemy character, the commander is entitled to exercise the right of visit and search, including the right of diversion for search under paragraph 121.
115. If the commander of a military aircraft suspects that a civil aircraft with neutral marks in fact has enemy character, the commander is entitled to exercise the right of interception and, if circumstances require, the right to divert for the purpose of visit and search.
116. If, after visit and search, there is reasonable ground for suspicion that the merchant vessel flying a neutral flag or a civil aircraft with neutral marks has enemy character, the vessel or aircraft may be captured as prize subject to adjudication.
117. Enemy character can be determined by registration, ownership, charter or other criteria.
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