Near Moscow. Practical exercise (“resisting control”) as part of a course on international humanitarian law for the armed forces. Since 1994, the ICRC and the Russian defence and interior ministries have cooperated to incorporate the basic rules of international humanitarian law and human rights law into the training of troops, many of which will serve in the northern Caucasus. The regular courses given for senior officers and the development of programmes on relations between the police and the general public are encouraging signs. Nevertheless, the armed forces in the field need to make significant progress in practical terms upholding the principles protecting people who are not, or are no longer, taking part in hostilities.