Protection for civilians is a basic principle of humanitarian law: civilians not taking part in the fighting must on no account be attacked and must be spared and protected. The 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols contain specific rules to protect civilians. In situations that are not covered by these treaties, in particular internal disturbances, civilians are protected by the fundamental principles of humanitarian law and human rights law.

In the event of conflict, the ICRC maintains as much proximity and contact with the civilian population as possible. It makes representations to the relevant authorities to prevent or put an end to violations of humanitarian law, and to protect the life, health and dignity of civilians and to ensure that the consequences of the conflict do not jeopardize their future. Particular attention is paid to trying to prevent disappearances and helping families of missing persons.

See also:

Civilians in the power of the enemy and international humanitarian law Women and war Children in war Internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees