• 1936
    • 1936. Both sides had signed up to the 1925 Geneva Protocol banning the use of poison gas. However, Italy's use of liquid mustard gas helped to decimate Ethiopian forces and caused terrible suffering among the Emperor's barefoot warriors.
      © ICRC / Smith, Hylander / HIST-01943
  • 03/1937
    • 03/1937. After the Italian victory in Ethiopia, Junod was dispatched to Spain to coordinate the ICRC's operations during the civil war. It was a new challenge for the man and for the institution: unlike in international conflicts, there were no recognized laws to protect the victims of internal wars; civilians lived under siege, were deprived of life's necessities, taken hostage, separated from their families...
      © ICRC / HIST-01847-06
  • 1939
  • 11/1939
  • 11/1939
  • 08/1940
  • 1945
  • 08/1945
  • 08/1945

    Bilfinger's dispatch: original, pdf format (67 kb)

  • 08/1945
  • 1946
  • 1947
  • 1952
  • 1979

  • Related sections

    More about Marcel Junod