International humanitarian law and policy on

Protection of health care

Protecting health care in armed conflict and other situations of violence

Gaza Field Hospital. Surgeons at work (2024). Hisham Mhanna/ICRC

Health care on the front line

When fighting breaks out, access to health care becomes a matter of life and death. Yet this is precisely when health services are most at risk.

Around the world, doctors and nurses, ambulance drivers and paramedics, hospitals and clinics - and even the wounded and sick themselves - come under attack. These incidents are not isolated. They are part of a pattern of violence that disrupts care when it is needed most.

When health care is compromised, the consequences are immediate and far-reaching. People die from otherwise treatable injuries. Women are unable to give birth safely. Children miss vaccinations. Entire communities are cut off from essential services. In some cases, health systems collapse entirely.

Protecting health care is not only a medical concern - it is a humanitarian imperative. 

Health care should never be a target.

The issue

Violence against health care takes many forms and affects every part of the system.

Attacks, threats, obstruction and misuse of health services undermine the ability of medical personnel to provide impartial care. They also prevent people from accessing the treatment they need, safely and in time.

Understanding these risks is the first step toward preventing them.

The Health Care in Danger initiative

Protecting health care is at the heart of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

Building on this long-standing commitment, the Health Care in Danger (HCID) initiative was launched following resolutions adopted at the 31st International Conference in 2011 and reinforced in 2015.

This work is grounded in field experience and carried out in close cooperation with National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Read more about the HCID Initiative

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